This year, I seriously followed Water Paddler to play CTF for a whole year. I saw someone wrote a CTF: Best Web Challenges 2022 and found that I had played most of the challenges inside. So I thought it would be better for me to write a summary, documenting the challenges that I personally felt I had learned something new from.

Because of my personal interest, the challenges that I played were related to frontend and JS. Challenges related to backend (PHP, Java, etc.) are not included.

Also, the techniques or solutions recorded in this article do not represent the first appearance in CTF. They are just the first time I saw them or thought they were worth recording, so I wrote them down.

I divided the challenges into several categories:

1. JS-related knowledge
2. Node.js related
3. XSLeaks
4. Frontend DOM/BOM related knowledge
5. Browser internal operation related

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Here are some notes on the challenges I solved during RCTF 2022. I won’t be including those I didn’t attempt.

As usual, here are the keywords:

1. Exploiting Python’s os.path.join
2. YAML & JS polyglot
3. strace & LD_PRELOAD

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Recently, there were several CTF challenges that were quite good, such as SECCON and HITCON, but unfortunately, I was traveling abroad at that time and was too lazy to write complete writeups after returning. Originally, I was even too lazy to take notes, but once time passed, it became difficult to find related information, so I decided to write a brief summary.

In addition, I will also briefly mention several challenges that I think I should have taken notes on before, but for some reason, I did not.

Keywords:

1. Node.js prototype pollution gadget to RCE (Balsn CTF 2022 - 2linenodejs)
2. Obtaining the original value of a JS proxy (corCTF 2022 - sbxcalc)
3. Cache of browser back behavior (SECCON CTF 2022 - spanote)
4. Using SVG to create synchronous XSS (HITCON CTF 2022)
5. Reading data from shadow DOM (HITCON CTF 2022)

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I was completely lost with the web problems and didn’t solve anything. The quality of the problems was good and I learned a lot of new things, so it’s worth recording.

Keywords:

1. Electron relaunch to RCE
2. Executing code using Python decorator
3. Preventing Apache from outputting content type header using special file names
4. GIF + JS polyglot
5. Bypassing SQLite’s illegal column names
6. JS comment <!--
7. superjson

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I casually played SekaiCTF 2022 last weekend and I have to say that the visual style is pretty cool. You can tell that a lot of effort was put into it, and it feels like a game.

This time, I only played two web challenges. I got first blood on the safelist of xsleak, but I couldn’t solve the other one. It’s a bit of a shame (when justCatTheFish solved it, I was wondering who was so powerful, but after the competition, I found out that it was terjanq lol).

In this post, I will write about the solution for safelist and Obligatory Calc. If you want to see other web challenges, you can check out lebr0nli’s blog: SekaiCTF 2022 Writeups

Keywords:

1. xsleak
2. lazy loading image
3. 6 concurrent request limit
4. socket pool
5. null origin
6. null e.source

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I got first blood for a challenge called “safelist” in SekaiCTF 2022, it’s a challenge about xsleaks and request timing in particular, here is my writeup.

Challenge description:

Safelist™ is a completely safe list site to hold all your important notes! I mean, look at all the security features we have, we must be safe!

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In Part 1, we learned the basic principle of stealing data with CSS and successfully stole the CSRF token as a practical example using HackMD. This article will delve into some details of CSS injection and address the following issues:

1. Since HackMD can load new styles without refreshing the page, how can we steal the second character and beyond on other websites?
2. If we can only steal one character at a time, will it take a long time? Is this feasible in practice?
3. Is it possible to steal things other than attributes? For example, text content on a page or even JavaScript code?
4. What are the defense mechanisms against this attack?

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When it comes to attacks on web front-ends, most people think of XSS. But what if you can’t execute JavaScript on the web page? Are there other attack methods? For example, what can you do if you can insert a style tag?

In 2018, I wrote an article about CSS keylogger: attack and defense after seeing related discussions on Hacker News. I spent some time researching it.

Now, four years later, I have re-examined this attack technique from a security perspective and plan to write one or two articles to explain CSS injection in detail.

This article covers:

1. What is CSS injection?
2. The principle of stealing data with CSS
3. How to steal data from hidden input
4. How to steal data from meta
5. Using HackMD as an example

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When it comes to CSP bypass, a kind of technique using AngularJS is well-known. One of it’s variant requires another library called Prototype.js to make it works.

After understanding how it works, I began to wonder if there are other libraries on cdnjs that can do similar things, so I started researching.

This article will start with the CSP bypass of cdnjs, talk about why prototype.js is needed, and then mention how I found its replacement on cdnjs.

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In Auguest, I and bruno made a XSS challenge on Intigriti. When we decided to make it, we hope it’s a difficult and fun challenge, and the players can also learn a lot from it.

Here is the writeup for this challenge.

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